Research by: Ekjot Sodhi and Elizabeth Bamidele
Strategic Planning and Capex Overview
"Capex investments are vital for the developing, enhancing or acquisition of physical infrastructure assets or intangibles e.g., technology that are catalysts for economic development and growth."
The strategic planning of financial investments in capex can strengthen risk management and circumvent risks on infrastructure projects helping businesses perform better. It is crucial for firms to strategically plan and monitor risks relating to CAPEX investments to realise a positive return on investment. it is vital for this strategy to include monitoring, risk management and control to achieve a positive return on investment, sustainable value and planned benefits for example;
Gaining a competitive advantage
Increasing market share and revenue
Optimising costs and profits
Capex investment and purpose
"The key purpose of Capex is that it increases the financial potential of a business helping to boost its value and viability. According to Office for National Statistics (ONS) investments in UK Capex grew by 4.5% in Quarter 2 (Apr-Jun) 2021, revised up from the provisional estimate of 2.4%."
Understanding the return on investment, sustainable value, and opportunities from Capex investments in the pre-contract and planning phase of new projects is key. Capex investment can have a great impact on a company's asset portfolio. They play an important role in increasing the overall value of a business which can further attract investors as it highlights the potential for cash flow from increased financial performance and the viability of future revenue and profit forecasts.
Types of CAPEX Spending
Maintenance Capex is the cost that a business must incur to maintain the existing level of operations (e.g., repairing equipment and periodic system updates). If assets are not maintained, ongoing operations would be unable to continue, which would negatively affect performance.
"Maintenance Capex entails mandatory spending to continue operations and is the spending associated with sustaining current revenue and profit levels while growth Capex is the company's discretionary spending on new innovative growth strategies."
Growth Capex is the investment to attract more clients and expand a business’ geographical reach. This usually entails increasing market share, geographic expansion, and introducing a new product or service line.
CAPEX Investments or Spending
Purchasing long-term tangible or fixed assets used for a business’ operating activities is referred to as capital spending or expenditure (or "Capex" for short).
Capital expenditure also known as Capex is the funds that businesses use for acquiring or upgrading tangible or intangible assets. The assets can be enhancing property, new plants or upgrading technology for innovation. The payment for these assets may be by cash or credit. For a business to expand and maintain its operations, it must invest in new property, plant, equipment (PPE) and technology. Capital expenditure spending is closely monitored by financial analysts and investors although it does not immediately appear on the income statement, it can significantly affect cash flow if not strategically planned.
Key Tips for Capex Investments
Evidence of forecast return on investment (ROI)
Strategy for funding and maintaining the capital investment
Optimising costs and revenue relating to the investment asset
"The purchasing of long-term tangible or fixed assets used for a business’ operating activities is referred to as capital spending or expenditure (or "Capex" for short)."
Benefits of Capex
Capex spending is important in executing new projects or investing in new business assets. Capex funding is vital for the acquisition, upgrading and enhancement of assets. CAPEX investments play an important role in helping a business grow, scale and transform through investments in innovation, tangible, and intangible assets. As a result, early investment in the assurance of investment benefits will build a more robust and viable Capex strategy.
Key Capex Benefits
Enhancing assets and boosting the balance sheet
Increasing revenue stream and cashflow
Attracting new investors and funders
Boosting the efficiency of business operations
Optimising costs in the long term
Statistics
The data above from 2019 show the leading objective as cloud services that can drive investments in operational efficiency and automation. The statistics reveal that 27 per cent of respondents from the public sector reported that improving customer satisfaction is the driving investment initiative within their business.
"This is one example that Capex's investments in new technology or upgrading it can help gain a competitive edge and boost financial performance."
Capitalising versus Expensing cost
The duration that the useful economic benefit from an investment is expected to last determines whether it should be capitalised or expensed.
"Benefits with a shorter duration must be immediately expensed on the income statement (less than a year). While benefits must be recognised as an asset on the balance sheet if it lasts longer than a year."
It is important to note that funds spent on repairing or in conducting continuing maintenance on assets are not capital expenditures and should be expensed on the income statement when incurred as repair or maintenance expenses.
Importance of planning CAPEX spending
Decisions on how much of retained profits a business should invest in capital expenditure are important for the following reasons:
Capital investment decisions are drivers of the following - the direction of a business, the long-term strategic goals, as well as the robustness of the planning and budgeting process
Capital investments in physical assets like plants, equipment, or property offer the potential of providing increased benefits and long-term sustainability or viability of a business
Capital expenditure spending is difficult to reverse without the company incurring losses.
Challenges of Accounting for CAPEX spending
The accounting process of identifying, measuring, and estimating costs related to capital expenditure can be complicated. The costs, benefits and value to be obtained from the capital expenditure, are usually stretched over long periods e.g., 5-10 years for infrastructure, construction or technology projects.
"At CFBL consulting, we can assist from end to end over the project lifecycle from CAPEX strategy development, to commercial, and financial controls and independent cost assurance reviews".
CFBL can help by:
Developing a sustainable CAPEX strategy
Implementing commercial, and financial controls.
Developing and implementing protocols for Capital expenditure
Establishing a Capex governance and gateway process
Delivering cost audit on CAPEX-funded projects
Governance & Assurance of CAPEX Spending
"Effective commercial and financial controls provide confidence and assurance to key stakeholders on planned benefit realisation, this can help strengthen a company's asset portfolio, attract further investors or funders and boost a business’s financial performance."
Capex governance via transparent independent audits helps by strengthening the Capex portfolio, minimising cost overruns and increasing the success rate of infrastructure projects. Independent cost audits and risk reviews early in the project lifecycle help set the scene for a robust control environment by verifying the effectiveness of commercial and financial controls. These help by
Providing assurance of cost, time and delivery.
Instilling confidence in project cost controls and progress
Gaining the trust of investors and stakeholders
References
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulletins/businessinvestment/apriltojune2021revisedresults
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1104968/worldwide-edge-manufacturing-infrastructure/
What CFBL Consulting does
CFBL consulting offers cost assurance audits and sustainable strategy consulting services. This includes an initial ESG assessment, X-ray view of actual costs to prevent or evidence greenwashing, impact reporting, payroll audit to safeguard equal pay and practical training on how to embed ESG KPIs into finance, commercial and project investment decisions. We identify, resolve, and follow through. By establishing ourselves as strategic partners, we govern and help implement sustainable strategies. Our roadmaps ensure that project plans are successful, as a result, we measure our success by yours.
Who We Work With and What We Do
Infrastructure project: cost assurance audits, systems payroll HR audits & protocols
SME Business Strategy: 5-Yr strategic business plans and financial statements
Fintech/Transformation advisory: minimising risk and optimising business case ROI
Sustainability & ESG: pay-gap carbon cost audits reporting ESG finance training
Training: delivering case-based training for buy-in to technology & staff upskilling
Fintech & Digital: strategy cost optimisation & digital transformation advisory
Steering Group (CSR): cost assurance and audits on infrastructure projects/contracts
Sustainability & ESG Strategy Tips - How can CFBL Consulting help
Developing and implementing a sustainable business strategy for growth/scaling
Sustainability/ESG strategy: implementing, carbon measurement and benchmarking
HR/Payroll audit: Independent HR, payroll cost, pay-gap gender balance auditing
Sustainability & ESG: strategy implementation, carbon cost auditing/impact reporting
ESG Finance training: upskilling staff/supply chain on ESG KPIs in decision making
ESG protocols: training & designing controls, tools, and templates for ESG reporting
Infrastructure Projects - Tips & How can CFBL Consulting help
Cost assurance: implementing capex people, process, systems & controls
Protocols: training & designing project/contracts process, tools, templates
Independent cost audits: verifying actual/ defined cost on cost/open book contracts
Systems auditor: examining financial records, controls, and cost systems for integrity
Pre-audit diagnostic: identifying risks on cost-based/open book alliance contracts
Independent contract auditor role: Undertaking internal project/contract auditor role
Legal records: facilitating records for legal compliance on cost/open book contracts
Payroll audit: Independent HR, payroll, carbon cost, gender pay-gap/balance audit
Business case: Implementing Capex strategy/developing investment business cases
ESG Finance training: upskilling staff/supply chain on ESG KPIs in decision making
ESG protocols: training & designing controls, tools, and templates for ESG reporting
SME Business Strategy -Tips & How can CFBL Consulting help
Scale-up investor funding pitch diagnostic assessment and recommendations
Developing a sustainable business plan for scaling up, funding, and advisory
Developing/implementing strategy: sustainable business strategy for growth/scaling
5-Yr Strategic business planning: financial statements, analysis for funding & grants
People training & upskilling: business and supply chain engagement and training
Independent Fintech/Transformation Advisory: minimising risk and optimising ROI
Capex Investments: optimising grants, funding R&D tax credits & capital allowances
Financial management: tax, planning & implementing financial controls for resilience
Finance business partnering providing strategic advice in financial decision making
Fintech & Digital Transformation Advisory - How can CFBL Consulting help
Commercial systems: advisory on commercial, contract, cost, audits & projects
Financial systems: advisory on financial, HR, management, and reporting systems
ESG KPI reporting: Insight and benchmarking for reporting and competitive edge
Independent advisory on payroll, project, contract, cost, audit and reporting software
Independent advisory on technology that best aligns with strategic objectives
Training: delivering case-based training, for buy-in to technology & staff upskilling
Steering Group (CSR) Outputs: Tips - How our Steering Group Experts help
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